1.导入依赖坐标

	<dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.0</version>
      <!--这个依赖会跟tomcat插件有冲突，需要把有效范围设置为provided-->
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.10.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

2.添加tomcat插件

	  <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
        <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.1</version>
        <configuration>
          <port>80</port>
          <path>/</path>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>

3.创建SpringMVC控制器类

package controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

@Controller
public class UserController {
    //设置请求的访问路径
    @RequestMapping("/save")
    //设置响应的返回值类型，方法的返回值类型就是响应的返回值类型
    @ResponseBody
    public String save() {
        System.out.println("user save");
        return "{'info':'successful'}";
    }
}

4.初始化SpringMVC环境，设定SpringMVC加载对应的bean

注：对bean的加载控制做细致划分

package config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

@Configuration
@ComponentScan(value = "com.example",
        excludeFilters = @ComponentScan.Filter(
                type = FilterType.ANNOTATION,
                value = Controller.class
        )
)
public class SpringConfig {
}

package config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.example.controller"})
public class SpringMVCConfig {
}

5.初始化Servlet容器，加载SpringMVC环境，并设置SpringMVC技术处理的请求

package config;

import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer;

public class ServletContainersInitConfig extends AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer {
    //加载SpringMVC容器配置
    @Override
    protected WebApplicationContext createServletApplicationContext() {
        AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
        applicationContext.register(SpringMVCConfig.class);
        return applicationContext;
    }
    
    //设置哪些请求归属SpringMVC处理
    @Override
    protected String[] getServletMappings() {
    	// “/”代表所有请求
        return new String[]{"/"};
    }
    
	//加载spring容器配置
    @Override
    protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext() {
        AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
        applicationContext.register(SpringConfig.class);
        return applicationContext;
    }
}

简化的书写方式

package config;


import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;

public class ServletContainersInitConfig extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {

    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[]{SpringConfig.class};
    }

    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[]{SpringMVCConfig.class};
    }

    @Override
    protected String[] getServletMappings() {
        return new String[]{"/"};
    }
}